Berlin 1970 - October news headlines

From the Information Unit,  United States Information Service, U.S. Mission Berlin

* * *  Berlin Press Review  * * *

[--rwr note: keep in mind that dates shown are those of the newspapers, most of which are morning editions, referring to events of the prior day]

(selected from the random copies in my collection - rwr -)

Tuesday, 1 Oct 70

Main headlines -

 President Nixon in Europe      Four-Power Meeting in Berlin

The "hunt after the criminals who robbed three Berlin banks in ten minutes on Tuesday" made headlines, also, but was listed fifth in the USIS press summary.

- NEUES DEUTSCHLAND (SED) - maintained that Berlin has been the capital of the GDR since the latter's foundation on October 7, 1949.  It called East Berlin the "true Berlin, the Berlin of the future."

The paper said when the West Berlin Senat wishes to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the formation of Greater Berlin it deceives the public.  "They want to glorify the Greater Berlin which they themselves have destroyed.  He who like those forces bears the Cain's mark of division has no right to celebrate the gains made in a democratic popular struggle.  The real situation is this: there is the socialist metropolis of the GDR where the progressive traditions have found their permanent home.  And there is West Berlin, which is an autonomous political entity on, and in the middle of, the territory of the GDR."

- NEUE ZEIT (east CDU) and NATIONAL ZEITUNG (NDP) - expressed similar views.

[--rwr note: above is a concise summary of the view of the East German government regarding the status of West Berlin.  The reference to Greater Berlin is to the metropolitan government formed in 1920 of old Berlin and its suburbs in the model of New York City and Greater London.]

- NEUES DEUTSCHLAND - also headlined an attack on Nixon for aiding Israel while the Arab world was mourning the death of Egypt's Nasser.  As a sidelight, ND noted:

 "The papers of the SS heir and Israeli banker, Springer, with primitive joy revel in their allegation that Nasser's death intensifies the crisis in the Middle East.  Thus they lay open the cards of imperialism, its obscure hopes and intentions."

Friday, 2 Oct 70

West papers were full of

Nixon in Yugoslavia   and the Four Power talks

East papers were full of the

Nasser funeral.

Monday, 5 Oct 70

GDR traffic harassment on the Berlin access routes was in the Western papers, as was the Soviet attempt to shut down two of the three air corridors for three hours on Tuesday night.  The Four Power negotiations continued.  Major Warsaw Pact military exercises began in East Germany.

- NEUES DEUTSCHLAND (SED) - extended a cordial welcome to the Warsaw Pact comrades-in-arms of the GDR who have arrived to participate in large-scale military maneuvers.  The fact that the soldiers of the other socialist states were greeted with sympathy and love by the people of the GDR has its good reasons, the paper said, for the troops will demonstrate their comradeship-in-arms which guarantees that our peoples can continue to peacefully build socialism and communism without being disturbed.  It said soldiers of socialism are soldiers of peace who protect the socialist gains and check the imperialist aggressors.

Thursday, 8 Oct 70

Lead story in West Berlin was Mayor Schuetz' five-hour meeting in West Berlin with Soviet Ambassador Abramisov, a first in negotiations on the status of the city.

The East press was dominated by stories on the 21st anniversary celebrations of the GDR.

- DIE WELT - carried a lengthy editorial over the name of its publisher Axel Springer, noting that the fate of Berlin may be decided in these days and weeks and any decision about Berlin is a decision about Germany. [-- rwr note: most of the text is here, if you need more information - and it is a fairly good representation of the point of view that West Berlin should not be cast adrift as an autonomous entity.]

Ironically, on the same day, - NEUES DEUTSCHLAND - attacked Springer in a sideways comment while criticizing the Berlin SPD for its stiffening attitude against concessions in the Four Power negotiations.  [-- rwr note: their commentary follows below Springer's.]

Berlin's Future - Germany's Fate

[complete text of the US Mission's translation] Springer said the Soviets have indicated their readiness to respect the economic, legal and cultural ties of Berlin and the FRG, but will never recognize any political ties.  "But it is the political ties which contain the substance of which the free part of Berlin lives and of the lack of which it might die," Springer said.  The Soviets, he said, know that better than many German politicians who think that everything would be all right if only the economic, cultural and legal ties of the city to the FRG are maintained and confirmed by a nodding of heads in Moscow and East Berlin.

Springer warned that a reduction of the FRG engagement in Berlin would have fatal consequences for the real life of the city and its viability.  Maintaining the viability of Berlin is one of the "three essentials" which the Americans developed under President Kennedy and which they will abandon only if "we suicidally encourage them to do so."

Springer expressed the view that Berlin would be lost without the unreduced responsibility of the three Western powers and its political association with the FRG.  He warned that "good behavior" has never been honored by dictatorships; the Free World can experience that daily in its confrontation with [the] Soviet Union and its allies.

Springer recalled that although originally no altitudes in the air corridors were fixed, the Western Allies at one time yielded to the Soviet demand and agreed to 10,000 feet on which jet planes are still flying uneconomically today.  The Soviet Union has honored that in all those years by nothing but growing harassment on the ground routes.  "Neither the protecting powers of Berlin, nor the Federal government, nor the Senat [West Berlin City Council] would be well advised if with their political deliberations they would 'fly at too low an altitude' now that Berlin is at stake," the publisher said.

The Welt publisher warned that it would be a "Soviet success and a lost battle for the West" if the three Western ambassadors agreed to discussing only West Berlin instead of the whole city.  Whenever Berlin was discussed in the past, it was all of Berlin, it was all of Berlin, he said, and so it must be today.  Even if the Wall will not fall, the discussion must incessantly include those realities which the Soviet Union has been creating in its sector of the city for many years -- the permanent residence of the Volkskammer [People's Chamber or legislature], the State Council, the SED government, and the presence of GDR soldiers on a territory which is a four-power area, in a word the GDR presence in East Berlin, Springer said.

"If all that were tacitly ignored and accepted, a suicidal rule would be recognized.  The Soviets would uncontestedly keep what they claim illicitly, while we would allow to be put in doubt that which we have rightfully kept."

Springer said the Kremlin leaders do not shrink from stating frankly what they want and Soviet Embassy Secretary Popov in Bonn on Sep 9 made no bones about the Soviet goals.  These Soviet goals, Springer said, must be countered.

He complained that the vision of Berlin as present and future capital of a unified Germany has been abandoned for the sake of that which appeared as "sober realities," but it was not noted that "the Soviet visions of yesterday are the realities of today and that our visions, if only we cling to them and set them against the others, may be the realities of tomorrow.

Springer described it as wrong to see the Federal president's right to reside in Berlin and the Bundestag's right to convene here as a "demonstrative FRG presence."  These rights, he said, are more than demonstrations.  If they are abandoned, the rulers in the Soviet Union and the Soviet Zone, would "realize sooner than we that we have abandoned ourselves.  No one in Washington, London and Paris could precipitately feel relieved at it, for the Berlin garrisons of the protecting powers would then -- and only then -- be on a lost post.

"The whole world is looking again at Berlin. What will it see?  It will either see how Moscow and East Berlin will triumph over the weakness of Western administrators who only seek to settle the traffic difficulties of a provincial exclave while in reality the whole area is at stake.  Or  they will see how politicians of the Wet defend the freedom of Berlin, its political belonging to the FRG, and its world political rank," Springer concluded.

Ideological Class Struggle

[complete text of the US Mission's translation] Neues Deutschland emphasized that the socialist and anti-imperialist forces are already strongly in the offensive, that imperialism is in the defensive and all its activity is dictated by this fact.  "To an increasing extent, imperialism is transferring to the field of ideology to penetrate the socialist countries and reach its goals this way."

Calling attention to the increased anti-Communism as it is propagated also by the SPD and by Social Democratic papers like West Berlin Telegraf, which in turn are acclaimed for their attitude by Springer in papers like Die Welt, the SED daily was convinced that "the emphasis which the SDP leaders place on known facts (no unanimity between SPD and SED, for example) also pursues the goal of yielding to the pressure of the rightist-extremist forces against the Moscow treaty.

"The policy of peaceful coexistence, from which resulted tha conclusion of a renunciation-of-force treaty between the USSR and the [German] Federal Republic, in fact does not rescind the contradictions of the class [? a word missing here] and does not entail an end of the class struggle.  The socialist and imperialist social system [s] continue to be divergent and irreconcilable.  We are confronted in part with new trends in the world-wide dispute... Peaceful coexistence does not mean ideological coexistence, even less so a rapprochement of the systems.  It involves a part and a form of the class struggle.  Such a class struggle predominantly waged in the ideological field is more complicated of course.  To many people the imperialist wolf appears as a kind grandmother.  But in reality it is like in the fairy tale, a wolf remains a wolf.

"It is often difficult, of course, to recognized the ideological diversion in its beginning.  A disguised grandmother often works out quite nicely.  And with the help of modern technology, viz. radio and TV, it easily reaches many people.

"An important method employed by West German imperialism towards the GDR at the present time is the attempt of nursing illusions on the political goals of imperialism and thus to paralyze alertness against attacks.  But anti-Communism remains the most important weapon in the ideologic fight of imperialism.  That its symptoms change is of no importance.

"The dispute which is getting more complicated and which intensifies requires an even greater ideological clarity on our part in the struggle against any variety of bourgeois ideology... Hence, the changes to force imperialism to accept the policy of peaceful coexistence is no reason for us to become inactive.  The best guaranty for further political success in the incessant strengthening of the individual socialist countries in the economic, politico-ideological, and military fields, and most of all the strengthening of the whole socialist community which is the main force in the anti-imperialist fight."

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Saturday, 10 Oct 70

Seventh on the USIS press review headlines ---

Three Bank Holdups Are Nearing Elucidation -- All Clues Point to EPO Mahler's Gun Girls

- BILDZEITUNG -

Was Mahler the Boss of the Bank Robber Gang? -- Mahler Girls are Heavily Incriminated

- BZ -

The detailed stories translated were mostly about East-West relations.  No story was translated on this, and none was listed for the East press.

Monday, 12 Oct 70

The USIS press review carried these West Berlin headlines:

America Prepares Again for Confrontation -- Rogers Says Soviet Tone Recalls Cold War

 - DIE WELT -

Mahler's Comrades Begin with Terror

- BZ -

Sophia Loren Is Attacked - Five Gangsters Rob Star

- NACHTDEPESCHE -  (low-end tabloid Nachtdepesche found that story to be more important than either the world stage events or the local terror)

- BZ and others - Three days after the arrest of ex-lawyer Horst Mahler, left-wing extremists have started a wave of terror in Berlin.  "Solidarity with Mahler" was the inscription of handbills which were wrapped around stones thrown in the windows of the Bundeshaus.  A little while later, the windows of a police station were smashed.  At the same time the series of threatening telephone calls for the police reached a climax.  "We'll shoot you one by one," anonymous callers announced.  They said "action" would begin Thursday unless Mahler and his associates are set free by then.

When police came to Mahler's sealed apartment they detected a burglar inside.  The police refrained from revealing the man's name and the purpose of his burglary.

Senat Will Not Ban Red Cells

- DIE WELT -  The Berlin Senat will not prohibit the "Red cells" at the universities but will fight them by political means.  This was revealed after a Senat special meeting on Saturday.  The Senat fears that a ban on the "Red cells" might result in considerable complications and cause an undesirable process of solidarity among the students.

Wednesday, 14 Oct 70

Negotiations on the status of West Berlin topped the West press headlines, but 5th of 5 on the USIS translation sheet was:

Mahler Case:  Renate Wolff Is Arrested -- Toothbrush Was Already in Her Handbag

- BZ -

Mahler Case is Expanding -- Gun Duel in Fuggerstrasse Also Plays a Role -- Fingerprints of Department Store Arsonist Are Found

- DER ABEND -

- TELEGRAF, BERLINER MORGENPOST, et al - Back in North America, the FLQ in Quebec set another ultimatum for the release of 23 political prisoners and threatens to execute James Cross and Pierre Laport whom it holds as hostages.  [--rwr note: This close-to-home story was much bigger in the U.S. at the time than the Berlin activities, I believe.]

- DER TAGESPIEGEL -- Renate Wolff, 22-year-old co-ed wanted in connection with the three Berlin bank holdups of Sep 29, has been arrested.  She is suspected of having rented the six West German automobiles used for the crimes and having driven several of them to West Berlin.

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